Using async/await

C# provides the async and await keywords to simplify asynchronous programming:

public class Program
{
    public static async Task Main()
    {
        StreamReader reader = new StreamReader("people");
        string fileContents = await reader.ReadToEndAsync();
        Console.WriteLine(fileContents);
        Console.WriteLine("This line is after ReadToEndAsync");
    }
}

Writing Custom Async Methods

You can wrap existing asynchronous methods in custom methods:

public static async Task<string> ReadFileAsync(string filename)
{
    StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(filename);
    Task<string> result = reader.ReadToEndAsync();
    Console.WriteLine("This runs before the read is complete");
    return await result;
}

yield return

Introduction to yield return

The yield return statement allows you to return one element at a time in an iterator:

public static IEnumerable<int> GetNextValue()
{
    int i = 1;
    yield return i;
    i += 1;
    yield return i;
    i += 1;
    yield return i;
}

Lazy Evaluation with Yield Return

You can implement lazy evaluation using yield return, which defers execution until the value is needed:

public static IEnumerable<int> LazyMap(IEnumerable<int> inputList, Func<int, int> operation)
{
    foreach (var item in inputList)
    {
        yield return operation(item);
    }
}